Deena J. Small, Ph.D.

Current research

My laboratory's research is centered on problems investigating molecular mechanisms governing both adipogenesis (fat cell differentiation) and osteogenesis (bone cell differentiation). A primary focus of the laboratory is to define the signaling events mediated by interactions that occur between the Jagged1/Notch and FGF/FGFR signaling networks in mesenchymal stem cells exposed to hormones such as insulin.  A second and more recent area of study revolves around understanding how Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE), a common flame retardant found in upholstery, carpeting, electronics and other household goods, alters the adipogenic and osteogenic program in cultured cells and animal(mouse) models.  As a biochemist/molecular biologist, my studies are aimed at untangling the protein/protein, receptor/ligand and protein/DNA interactions that take place in the context of these processes. In addition,physiological outcomes, including changes in metabolism and hormone production, are also evaluated using in vivo rodent models. Since white adipose tissue serves as both an energy-storing depot for high energy lipids and an endocrine ÒorganÓ that secretes hormones important for metabolism and other physiological processes, it is not surprising that abnormal states of adiposity such as obesity are high risk factors for the development of insulin-resistance syndromes (Metabolic Syndrome and Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus) and other pathological conditions. In addition, we have also found that PBDE exposure may cause problems with bone cell development and contribute to osteoporosis. Since my research is Biomedical in nature, the primary funding mechanism I have sought for these studies is through the National Institutes of Health and American Heart Association.

In addition to my research, I have also been involved in outreach into the middle school chemistry and biology classrooms. I am currently in the process of developing an interactive website with the Sanford,Maine Middle School Science Department that will facilitate interactions between students in my laboratory and the Sanford classrooms. This outreach has also led to the development of independent study opportunities for undergraduate students interested in working in the Sanford school system and/or on the website. Funding for this outreach is being sought through the NSF and Honda Corporation.